Thursday, July 16, 2009

Top Reasons to Use MySQL

mysql 1. Scalability and Flexibility

The MySQL database server provides the ultimate in scalability, sporting the capacity to handle deeply embedded applications with a footprint of only 1MB to running massive data warehouses holding terabytes of information. Platform flexibility is a stalwart feature of MySQL with all flavors of Linux, UNIX, and Windows being supported. And, of course, the open source nature of MySQL allows complete customization for those wanting to add unique requirements to the database server.
2. High Performance

A unique storage-engine architecture allows database professionals to configure the MySQL database server specifically for particular applications, with the end result being amazing performance results. Whether the intended application is a high-speed transactional processing system or a high-volume web site that services a billion queries a day, MySQL can meet the most demanding performance expectations of any system. With high-speed load utilities, distinctive memory caches, full text indexes, and other performance-enhancing mechanisms, MySQL offers all the right ammunition for today's critical business systems.
3. High Availability

Rock-solid reliability and constant availability are hallmarks of MySQL, with customers relying on MySQL to guarantee around-the-clock uptime. MySQL offers a variety of high-availability options from high-speed master/slave replication configurations, to specialized Cluster servers offering instant failover, to third party vendors offering unique high-availability solutions for the MySQL database server.
4. Robust Transactional Support

MySQL offers one of the most powerful transactional database engines on the market. Features include complete ACID (atomic, consistent, isolated, durable) transaction support, unlimited row-level locking, distributed transaction capability, and multi-version transaction support where readers never block writers and vice-versa. Full data integrity is also assured through server-enforced referential integrity, specialized transaction isolation levels, and instant deadlock detection.
5. Web and Data Warehouse Strengths

MySQL is the de-facto standard for high-traffic web sites because of its high-performance query engine, tremendously fast data insert capability, and strong support for specialized web functions like fast full text searches. These same strengths also apply to data warehousing environments where MySQL scales up into the terabyte range for either single servers or scale-out architectures. Other features like main memory tables, B-tree and hash indexes, and compressed archive tables that reduce storage requirements by up to eighty-percent make MySQL a strong standout for both web and business intelligence applications.
6. Strong Data Protection

Because guarding the data assets of corporations is the number one job of database professionals, MySQL offers exceptional security features that ensure absolute data protection. In terms of database authentication, MySQL provides powerful mechanisms for ensuring only authorized users have entry to the database server, with the ability to block users down to the client machine level being possible. SSH and SSL support are also provided to ensure safe and secure connections. A granular object privilege framework is present so that users only see the data they should, and powerful data encryption and decryption functions ensure that sensitive data is protected from unauthorized viewing. Finally, backup and recovery utilities provided through MySQL and third party software vendors allow for complete logical and physical backup as well as full and point-in-time recovery.
7. Comprehensive Application Development

One of the reasons MySQL is the world's most popular open source database is that it provides comprehensive support for every application development need. Within the database, support can be found for stored procedures, triggers, functions, views, cursors, ANSI-standard SQL, and more. For embedded applications, plug-in libraries are available to embed MySQL database support into nearly any application. MySQL also provides connectors and drivers (ODBC, JDBC, etc.) that allow all forms of applications to make use of MySQL as a preferred data management server. It doesn't matter if it's PHP, Perl, Java, Visual Basic, or .NET, MySQL offers application developers everything they need to be successful in building database-driven information systems.
8. Management Ease

MySQL offers exceptional quick-start capability with the average time from software download to installation completion being less than fifteen minutes. This rule holds true whether the platform is Microsoft Windows, Linux, Macintosh, or UNIX. Once installed, self-management features like automatic space expansion, auto-restart, and dynamic configuration changes take much of the burden off already overworked database administrators. MySQL also provides a complete suite of graphical management and migration tools that allow a DBA to manage, troubleshoot, and control the operation of many MySQL servers from a single workstation. Many third party software vendor tools are also available for MySQL that handle tasks ranging from data design and ETL, to complete database administration, job management, and performance monitoring.
9. Open Source Freedom and 24 x 7 Support

Many corporations are hesitant to fully commit to open source software because they believe they can't get the type of support or professional service safety nets they currently rely on with proprietary software to ensure the overall success of their key applications. The questions of indemnification come up often as well. These worries can be put to rest with MySQL as complete around-the-clock support as well as indemnification is available through MySQL Network. MySQL is not a typical open source project as all the software is owned and supported by MySQL AB, and because of this, a unique cost and support model are available that provides a unique combination of open source freedom and trusted software with support.
10. Lowest Total Cost of Ownership

By migrating current database-drive applications to MySQL, or using MySQL for new development projects, corporations are realizing cost savings that many times stretch into seven figures. Accomplished through the use of the MySQL database server and scale-out architectures that utilize low-cost commodity hardware, corporations are finding that they can achieve amazing levels of scalability and performance, all at a cost that is far less than those offered by proprietary and scale-up software vendors. In addition, the reliability and easy maintainability of MySQL means that database administrators don't waste time troubleshooting performance or downtime issues, but instead can concentrate on making a positive impact on higher level tasks that involve the business side of data.

Weasel GNU Linux is a KDE4-centric desktop distribution

weasel_gnu_linux Weasel GNU/Linux is a KDE4-centric desktop distribution, using KDE 4.1.3. It is based on rPath Linux 2, which is based on RHEL 5.x. The core distribution is meant to be fairly stable, and the GUI is mostly bleeding-edge.

Weasel 2.0.4 released

Changes include updated kernel (2.6.27.8), kde (4.1.3) and reduced DVD size. Compat32 has been removed from 64bit DVD (see HOWTO Install group-compat32), and so are the localizations (to install run sudo conary update --interactive group-langpack-<2lettercountrycode>).
You can download the DVDs from Weasel GNU/Linux repository or directly using the following links:
32bit installation DVD (1.3 GB) or
64bit installation DVD (1.3 GB)

HOWTO Install group-compat32
First make sure all the packages are up-to-date by running

    $ sudo conary updateall --interactive

And then install the group-compat32 using the following command:

    $ sudo conary update --keep-existing --interactive group-compat32

It is important to put the --keep-existing argument, because otherwise you would replace 64bit libraries with 32bit ones, and that is probably not the thing you would like to do :)

Repository Browser

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Package Name

a2ps

a52dec

acl

acpid

akode

akonadi

akregator

alex

alsa-lib

alsa-utils

amarok

amor

amrnb

amrwb

anaconda

anaconda-custom

anaconda-images:source

anaconda-templates

anaconda-utils

anacron

ant

antlr:source

applewmproto

appres

apr

apr-util

ark

arts

arts-kde3

arts-plugin-akode

arts-plugin-audiofile

arts-plugin-mpeglib

artsbuilder

asciidoc

ash

aspell

aspell-en

astyle

at

ati-fglrx

ati-fglrx-kernel

atk

atlantik

atlantik-designer

atlas

attr

audiofile

audit

authconfig

authconfig-gtk

authconfig-tui

autoconf

autofs

automake

automoc4

avahi

avahi-glib

avahi-qt3

avahi-tools

Releases

Weasel GNU/Linux

Version 2.0.7

x86_64 Appliance Installable ISO
x86 Appliance Installable ISO

Weasel GNU/Linux

Version 2.0.4

x86_64 Appliance Installable ISO
x86 Appliance Installable ISO

Weasel GNU/Linux

Version 2.0.2

x86_64 Appliance Installable ISO
x86 Appliance Installable ISO

Weasel GNU/Linux

Version 2.0.1

x86_64 Appliance Installable ISO
x86 Appliance Installable ISO

Weasel GNU/Linux

Version 2.0rc1

x86_64 Installable CD/DVD
x86_64 Installable CD/DVD
x86 Installable CD/DVD
x86 Installable CD/DVD

Weasel GNU/Linux

Version 2.0beta2

x86_64 Installable CD/DVD
x86_64 Installable CD/DVD
x86 Installable CD/DVD
x86 Installable CD/DVD

Weasel GNU/Linux

Version 2.0beta1

x86_64 Appliance Installable ISO
x86 Appliance Installable ISO

Built the basic GUI environment (kdebase). 2.0-stage2

Weasel GNU/Linux

Version 1.99.20080316

x86_64 Appliance Installable ISO
x86_64 Appliance Installable ISO
x86 Appliance Installable ISO
x86 Appliance Installable ISO

2.0 - Stage 1

Weasel GNU/Linux

Version 0.80.2

x86_64 Installable CD/DVD
x86_64 Installable CD/DVD

First beta release of Weasel GNU/Linux, only for x86_64

 

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Wednesday, July 15, 2009

Free Invisible Web Tracker, Site Tracker, Visitor Tracker with StatCounter

statcounter Free Invisible Web Tracker / Site Tracker / Visitor Tracker

What exactly is a web tracker (also known as a visitor tracker or site tracker), and why do you need one?

The idea behind a web tracker is very simple and has been around for many years. Essentially you place a small piece of code on your website, when someone visits your website, that small piece of code is executed and the visitor's public details (ip address, browser, operating system, referrer, page title and url etc) are analysed and stored for reporting to you later.

The great advantage of web trackers are that they are better at tracking 'real people' as they track browsers NOT server requests. This often means a web tracker will have a significantly lower count than standard log file analysis. But it offers a more realistic figure of the visitors to your website and far more detail. At StatCounter our web tracker is provided in real-time so it's even better still.

A web tracker also records your visitors if they return to the same page twice or more. This does not happen with log files. Your page would be already cached in your browser. No request would be sent to the server. That user activity would go unreported. Thanks to web trackers and their use of a random javascript number - your counter is forced to load each time and your visitor is tracked.

As web trackers only track 'real people', it is not able to tell you when a search engine spider is indexing your website. For information like this you need a good log analyser.

StatCounter.Com can produce far different results to standard log file analysis. This is not surprising as our system is designed to track browsers NOT server requests. This can result in a significantly lower count than standard log file analysis. But it offers a more realistic figure of the visitors to your website and far more detail and it is provided in real-time!

So how do they differ?

A big factor is the placement of the StatCounter tracking code. You can use StatCounter to only track the pages you want by simply placing it on the pages you want to track. Log file analysis will track all server requests by default.

If you have very large, slow loading pages it is recommended to place the tracking code closer to the top of the page instead of the bottom. Or a visitor may exit your page before the page finishes loading and the tracking script will never have been loaded.

Framed websites can cause a big problem for log file analysis resulting in an over-inflated count. When a visitor visits a singe page that could often be recorded as 3 visits - loading the main frame, a side frame and a footer. StatCounter does not have this problem.

Cached pages are another huge problem for log file analysis this time resulting in a very poor undercount of visitors. Often your own local ISP will keep a cache of many websites you visit regularly. This speeds up your use of the web - unfortunately no server request is made to your website when this happens. And your visit will go uncounted. This does not happen with StatCounter with the use of javascript and a random variable each time.

Web Proxies - many users, most noticeably AOL users access the web through a web proxy. Their ip address can change on each request to your website so log file analysis could not accurately count your unique visitors. StatCounter does both - we use a simple cookie and the user's ip address.

Robots - the requests made to your website by robots will be recorded in your log files but it will not be recorded by StatCounter.

Overall StatCounter provides a far more detailed, accurate count and tracking of behavior of the 'real' visitors to your website than standard log file analysis.

Of course the only way to experience our advanced web tracker for yourself is to register right now for your free account

Thursday, July 2, 2009

Mozilla Firefox 3.5 scores 8.3M downloads. Quadruples the new version's market share in 24 hours

More than 7 million users downloaded Mozilla Corp.'s Firefox 3.0 Web browser during the first 24 hours after its launch, according to the company.

A Web metrics company tracking hour-by-hour use of Firefox 3.0 added that the new version quadrupled its market share during the first day.

Although Mozilla's download servers were offline for more than an hour Tuesday after the scheduled 1:00 p.m. Eastern launch, 8.3 million copies of the browser were downloaded in the first 24 hours, Mozilla's CEO John Lilly reported Wednesday afternoon.

The U.S. led all countries on the download count, with 2.6 million, followed by Germany with more than 662,000, Japan with 403,000 and the U.K. with more than 295,000. Other countries with large numbers of downloads included Canada (223,000), China (173,000), France (290,000) and Iran (250,000).

Before Firefox's launch, Mozilla had urged users to help set a single-day download record that it hoped would be sanctioned by the Guinness World Records organization. While there is no current record to beat, Mozilla said last month that it wanted to top the 1.6 million downloads of Firefox 2.0 on its first day in October 2006.

Meanwhile, Internet measurement vendor Net Applications Inc. posted tracking data that showed that Firefox 3.0 had quadrupled its market share during its opening day.

Firefox 3.0 accounted for 0.98% of browsers used to connect to Net Applications' customer sites in the hour before the open-source browser's launch. By 9 a.m. Wednesday, Firefox's share had grown to 4.3%, after which it slipped somewhat during the next two hours to 4.2% and then to 3.7%.

As a comparison, Apple Inc.'s Safari browser held third place last month in Net Applications' ranking, with a 6.3% share.

Vince Vizzaccaro, Net Applications' executive vice president of marketing, predicted two weeks ago that all versions of Firefox combined would break the 20% bar next month. He said the jump in Firefox 3.0 use might advance that milestone. "Firefox certainly has momentum on its side. I predicted here that Firefox would hit 20% market share some time in July 2008, and that seems to be holding true," Vizzaccaro said in an e-mail. "Firefox 3 may even help cross that threshold this month."

Not everyone was happy with the update, however. Computerworld reader Bailey Don, for instance, complained about the revamped address bar, which some have called the "Awesome Bar" and Mozilla has dubbed "smart location bar."

"I actually hate Firefox 3 and will return to Firefox 2," Don said in an e-mail. "The address bar is way to [sic] confusing as the address bar is now like a history bar. Which is annoying."

The redesigned tool automatically completes addresses, dynamically ranks the results and can be used as an inside-the-browser search tool to find previously visited pages. Users who don't like the smart location bar's appearance, however, can restore a Firefox 2.0 look and feel to it with the Oldbar extension, a free add-on that can be downloaded from Mozilla's site.

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Mozilla slates first Firefox 3.5 patch. Plans to patch bugs this month that went unfixed in final version

Mozilla will patch the just-released Firefox 3.5 in the next few weeks to stamp out several bugs that went unfixed in the final version of the browser, the company said Tuesday.

Firefox 3.5.1, which Mozilla intends to deliver in mid-to-late July, will include fixes for at least three bugs and "topcrashes," the term the company uses to describe the frequently-reported crashes. Like many applications, Firefox asks users to report crashes by displaying a prompt after the browser goes down.

"[The] goal of this release should be a quick turnaround that fixes topcrashes and bugs we almost held ship for," Mozilla said in notes published after a weekly status meeting.

One of the topcrashes scheduled for a fix involves TraceMonkey, the new, faster JavaScript engine that debuted in Firefox 3.5. At least one of the bugs was fixed a week before Mozilla released the final code on Tuesday.

The quick patch is not unusual for Mozilla. The company did the same thing last year, when it issued Firefox 3.0.1 four weeks after shipping Firefox 3.0, 2008's update.

Users downloaded about 6.5 million copies of Firefox 3.5 in the browser's first 36 hours, according to Mozilla's real-time counter. Although that's a far cry from the 8.3 million copies of Firefox 3.0 Mozilla delivered in the first 24 hours of its availability last summer, it's a pace that, if sustained, would exceed the 11 million copies of Safari 4 that Apple claimed were downloaded in its first three days.

Firefox 3.5 can be downloaded in Windows, Mac and Linux editions in 58 different languages from Mozilla's site; current users can update by choosing "Check for Updates" under the "Help" menu.


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Pixel Qi, E-paper with Color and Video

In 2009 we are on the cusp of "cloud computing". 3G wireless services, WiFi and mesh networking are widely deployed. Ebook readers, digital photoframes, and richly-featured touch-screen phones abound. Mini-notebook computers – netbooks – are growing rapidly in adoption. It's not just about big-iron computing anymore.

Pixel Qi has a belief on the future of the computing - it's not about the CPU or the OS - It is about the screen.

New classes of thin-client devices will increasingly lack complex motherboards and operating systems. We are already in a world of $10 CPUs, next year they will be less expensive. We see the future of the portable electronics as simply the display - with embedded electronics eventually right in the display glass itself. This is the future laptop, the future cell phone and the future PDA. Instead of focusing on higher speed (more MHz) and larger memory (more GBytes), we work toward new device designs by focusing on displays that we can read, as easily as paper - indoors and out - with battery life measured in days not hours.

In our vision, new displays, with integrated touchscreens, and wireless capability are the future. Displays on computers should not be just small televisions – although the ability to display HDTV-quality video is essential. Displays for computers need to be optimized to crisply display text, they need to be optimized for a reader just 30 centimeters from the screen; they need to allow for widespread variations in ambient lighting; they need to support lowering the overall power consumption of the entire device.

We embrace the reality that your gmail, flickr photos, chat sessions and you-tube videos are downloaded on the fly already. Of course, some solid state memory is needed, and wireless access, but a bulky OS and bulky application software just aren't needed. A display that includes an integrated multi-touch screen in the same layers that turn on and off the pixels of the screen means that we can have multi-touch for an incremental cost increase over the display screen itself. Maybe for less than $1US.
The display is the most expensive component in a modern laptop, and the most power hungry, and it's uncomfortable to read when compared with paper. We aim to fix this – our team already took the first step with the OLPC screen. The battery is the second most expensive component in the laptop or portable. We propose to massively lower the power consumption of the screen and thus also slash the cost of the battery and dramatically boost how long your machine can run on it before you have re-charge it.

We will do all of this while making LCD screens lower cost, higher resolution, easier to read and sunlight readable. We've already shown the first step of this at One Laptop per Child by creating a display that is 5X the resolution, 1/3 the cost, 1/10th the power consumption. In addition the One Laptop per Child screen is sunlight readable, and it enables one to the turn the motherboard and CPU off while the screen stays on - offering further massive power savings. We plan to take this much further.

We aren't doing this the traditional way - we aren't planning to invent new molecules, spend 100's of millions of dollars or even billions to build brand new manufacturing facilities, hype it and then deliver maybe in 10 to 20 years. We are embracing a practice commonly used by the Silicon integrated circuit industry. We are designing our new screens to fit into existing LCD manufacturing processes, with existing materials, already available at the screen manufacturers in extremely high volume with excellent pricing, quality, and reliability. Our changes are conceptual and fast. We are devising new ways to use existing manufacturing processing to create new screens with radical new performance. The screen in the OLPC laptop was our first example. It went from specification to mass-production ready, fully passing all quality and reliability testing in 6 months. 6 months! It's unheard of in the display industry.

The first of our new generation of screens will emerge later in 2009: we promise exciting things for notebook computers – and much more.

Pixel Qi's 3Qi LCD screen sized up with Kindle, CTO sheds light on your questions.

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Turns out Pixel Qi's CTO Mary Lou Jepsen reads Engadget, or at least the posts relevant to her company and her invention, the 3Qi screen. In addition to a side-by-side comparison of the display against the Kindle and a few other devices, in an interview with techvideoblog, she can be seen going through our most recent post and answering some of our readers' questions, including clearing up what seems to be a pretty big misconception that the screen uses e-ink for being visible in direct sunlight -- "it's standard LCD, just clever design," she explains. In one scene, she demonstrates that even in those very bright situations when the screen looks to go monochrome for visibility, you can still see a hint of color, with the full "Pleasantville" experience entering the more she moves the hardware into the shade. As for reports of the tech adding a $200 premium, she dismisses this as a misquote and infers that it was more of an example price for a laptop that'd be using the technology.
video

There's a lot of fascinating tidbits here, including some talk on the nature of the display and laptop industries. As it stands, mass production begins this Fall, and even though you're seeing that Acer logo on the demo unit, Jepsen says it's just a prototype built into a laptop they bought at Radio Shack and that no manufacturing partners have been confirmed. Make sure the closest star isn't beaming down at your screen and head on after the break for the both videos.

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Wednesday, July 1, 2009

A Web search engine is a tool designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.

The search results are usually presented in a list and are commonly called hits. The information may consist of web pages, images, information and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in databases or open directories. Unlike Web directories, which are maintained by human editors, search engines operate algorithmically or are a mixture of algorithmic and human input.

Before there were web search engines there was a complete list of all webservers. The list was edited by Tim Berners-Lee and hosted on the CERN webserver. One historical snapshot from 1992 remains. As more and more webservers went online the central list could not keep up. On the NCSA site new servers were announced under the title "What's New!" but no complete listing existed any more.


The very first tool used for searching on the (pre-web) Internet was Archie. The name stands for "archive" without the "v." It was created in 1990 by Alan Emtage, a student at McGill University in Montreal. The program downloaded the directory listings of all the files located on public anonymous FTP (File Transfer Protocol) sites, creating a searchable database of file names; however, Archie did not index the contents of these sites.

The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead. Like Archie, they searched the file names and titles stored in Gopher index systems. Veronica (Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Net-wide Index to Computerized Archives) provided a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings. Jughead (Jonzy's Universal Gopher Hierarchy Excavation And Display) was a tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers. While the name of the search engine "Archie" was not a reference to the Archie comic book series, "Veronica" and "Jughead" are characters in the series, thus referencing their predecessor.

In June 1993, Matthew Gray, then at MIT, produced what was probably the first web robot, the Perl-based World Wide Web Wanderer, and used it to generate an index called 'Wandex'. The purpose of the Wanderer was to measure the size of the World Wide Web, which it did until late 1995. The search engine Aliweb appeared in November 1993. Aliweb did not use a web robot, but instead depended on being notified by website administrators of the existence at each site of an index file in a particular format.

JumpStation (released in December 1993) used a web robot to find web pages and to build its index, and used a web form as the interface to its query program. It was thus the first WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine (crawling, indexing, and searching) as described below. Because of the limited resources available on the platform on which it ran, its indexing and hence searching were limited to the titles and headings found in the web pages the crawler encountered.

One of the first "full text" crawler-based search engines was WebCrawler, which came out in 1994. Unlike its predecessors, it let users search for any word in any webpage, which has become the standard for all major search engines since. It was also the first one to be widely known by the public. Also in 1994 Lycos (which started at Carnegie Mellon University) was launched, and became a major commercial endeavor.

Soon after, many search engines appeared and vied for popularity. These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, and AltaVista. Yahoo! was among the most popular ways for people to find web pages of interest, but its search function operated on its web directory, rather than full-text copies of web pages. Information seekers could also browse the directory instead of doing a keyword-based search.

In 1996, Netscape was looking to give a single search engine an exclusive deal to be their featured search engine. There was so much interest that instead a deal was struck with Netscape by 5 of the major search engines, where for $5Million per year each search engine would be in a rotation on the Netscape search engine page. These five engines were: Yahoo!, Magellan, Lycos, Infoseek and Excite

Search engines were also known as some of the brightest stars in the Internet investing frenzy that occurred in the late 1990s. Several companies entered the market spectacularly, receiving record gains during their initial public offerings. Some have taken down their public search engine, and are marketing enterprise-only editions, such as Northern Light. Many search engine companies were caught up in the dot-com bubble, a speculation-driven market boom that peaked in 1999 and ended in 2001.

Around 2000, the Google search engine rose to prominence.[citation needed] The company achieved better results for many searches with an innovation called PageRank. This iterative algorithm ranks web pages based on the number and PageRank of other web sites and pages that link there, on the premise that good or desirable pages are linked to more than others. Google also maintained a minimalist interface to its search engine. In contrast, many of its competitors embedded a search engine in a web portal.

By 2000, Yahoo was providing search services based on Inktomi's search engine. Yahoo! acquired Inktomi in 2002, and Overture (which owned AlltheWeb and AltaVista) in 2003. Yahoo! switched to Google's search engine until 2004, when it launched its own search engine based on the combined technologies of its acquisitions.

Microsoft first launched MSN Search (since re-branded Bing) in the fall of 1998 using search results from Inktomi. In early 1999 the site began to display listings from Looksmart blended with results from Inktomi except for a short time in 1999 when results from AltaVista were used instead. In 2004, Microsoft began a transition to its own search technology, powered by its own web crawler (called msnbot).

As of late 2007, Google was by far the most popular Web search engine worldwide. A number of country-specific search engine companies have become prominent; for example Baidu is the most popular search engine in the People's Republic of China.
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Timeline (full list)
Year Engine Event
1993 Aliweb Launch
JumpStation Launch
1994 WebCrawler Launch
Infoseek Launch
Lycos Launch
1995 AltaVista Launch
Open Text Web Index Launch[1]
Magellan Launch
Excite Launch
SAPO Launch
1996 Dogpile Launch
Inktomi Founded
HotBot Founded
Ask Jeeves Founded
1997 Northern Light Launch
Yandex Launch
1998 Google Launch
1999 AlltheWeb Launch
GenieKnows Founded
Naver Launch
Teoma Founded
Vivisimo Founded
2000 Baidu Founded
Exalead Founded
2003 Info.com Launch
2004 Yahoo! Search Final launch
A9.com Launch
Sogou Launch
2005 MSN Search Final launch
Ask.com Launch
GoodSearch Launch
SearchMe Founded
2006 wikiseek Founded
Quaero Founded
Ask.com Launch
Live Search Launch
ChaCha Beta Launch
Guruji.com Beta Launch
2007 wikiseek Launched
Sproose Launched
Wikia Search Launched
Blackle.com Launched
2008 Powerset Launched
Viewzi Launched
Cuil Launched
Boogami Launched
LeapFish Beta Launch
VADLO Launch
Sperse! Search Launch
Duck Duck Go Launched
Searchme Launched
2009 Bing Launched



How Web search engines work

A search engine operates, in the following order

1. Web crawling
2. Indexing
3. Searching

Web search engines work by storing information about many web pages, which they retrieve from the WWW itself. These pages are retrieved by a Web crawler (sometimes also known as a spider) — an automated Web browser which follows every link it sees. Exclusions can be made by the use of robots.txt. The contents of each page are then analyzed to determine how it should be indexed (for example, words are extracted from the titles, headings, or special fields called meta tags). Data about web pages are stored in an index database for use in later queries. Some search engines, such as Google, store all or part of the source page (referred to as a cache) as well as information about the web pages, whereas others, such as AltaVista, store every word of every page they find. This cached page always holds the actual search text since it is the one that was actually indexed, so it can be very useful when the content of the current page has been updated and the search terms are no longer in it. This problem might be considered to be a mild form of linkrot, and Google's handling of it increases usability by satisfying user expectations that the search terms will be on the returned webpage. This satisfies the principle of least astonishment since the user normally expects the search terms to be on the returned pages. Increased search relevance makes these cached pages very useful, even beyond the fact that they may contain data that may no longer be available elsewhere.

When a user enters a query into a search engine (typically by using key words), the engine examines its index and provides a listing of best-matching web pages according to its criteria, usually with a short summary containing the document's title and sometimes parts of the text. Most search engines support the use of the boolean operators AND, OR and NOT to further specify the search query. Some search engines provide an advanced feature called proximity search which allows users to define the distance between keywords.

The usefulness of a search engine depends on the relevance of the result set it gives back. While there may be millions of webpages that include a particular word or phrase, some pages may be more relevant, popular, or authoritative than others. Most search engines employ methods to rank the results to provide the "best" results first. How a search engine decides which pages are the best matches, and what order the results should be shown in, varies widely from one engine to another. The methods also change over time as Internet usage changes and new techniques evolve.

Most Web search engines are commercial ventures supported by advertising revenue and, as a result, some employ the practice of allowing advertisers to pay money to have their listings ranked higher in search results. Those search engines which do not accept money for their search engine results make money by running search related ads alongside the regular search engine results. The search engines make money every time someone clicks on one of these ads.

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